Present perfect - grammar analysis	
[This part goes with Reward Upper Int Resource Pack, 5a - 'Look back']

Look at the following examples from the board game:

Group 1
�	a beautiful place you've visited
something dangerous you've done
something strange you've eaten

Do they refer to the past or the present?
Is the action complete or incomplete?
Do we know exactly when it happened?
Do we know how many times it happened?
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Group 2
�	three cities you've been to in the past year
something delicious you've eaten this week
any new words you've learnt today

Do they refer to the past or the present?
Did they happen at one specific time or within a period of time?
Are the times 'the past year', 'this week' and 'today' finished or unfinished?
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Group 3
�	a friend you've had for a long time
something you've been wanting to do since you were a child
a sport you've been playing since you were a child

Do they refer to the past or the present?
Is the action or situation complete or incomplete?
What are the main verbs?
Are they stative or dynamic (actions)?
Which are present perfect simple and which are present perfect continuous?
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Present perfect simple or continuous?	

Key ideas:  repetition, duration, completion, stative and action verbs	

She's had that watch since she was 17.
She's been having that watch since she was 17.
Reason:

He's painted five portraits today.
He's been painting five portraits today.
Reason:

She's never flown in a plane.
She's never been flying in a plane.
Reason:

She's cut her finger.
She's been cutting her finger.
Reason:

I've been studying English since I was 11.
I've studied English since I was 11.
Reason:

I've been reading the course text book.
I've read the course text book.
Reason:

I've lost my keys.
I've been losing my keys.
Reason:

Gilbert has been going out with Doris for six months.
Gilbert has gone out with Doris for six months.
Reason:

I've disliked all kinds of seafood since I was a small child.
I've been disliking all kinds of seafood since I was a small child.
Reason:

She's been making cakes all morning.
She's made cakes all morning.
Reason:
Answers	

(board game)

Group 1
�	a beautiful place you've visited
something dangerous you've done
something strange you've eaten

Do they refer to the past or the present? 		Past
Is the action complete or incomplete? 		Complete
Do we know exactly when it happened? 		No
Do we know how many times it happened? 		No
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

a film you haven't enjoyed
an exam you've passed

Group 2
�	three cities you've been to in the past year
something delicious you've eaten this week
any new words you've learnt today

Do they refer to the past or the present? 		Past
Did they happen at one specific time or 
within a period of time?				Within a period of time
Are the times 'the past year', 'this week' 
and 'today' finished or unfinished? 			Unfinished
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

someone interesting you've met recently
something you've dreamt about recently

Group 3
�	a friend you've had for a long time
an item of clothing you've been wearing for more than two years
a sport you've been playing since you were a child

Do they refer to the past or the present?		Past and present
Is the action or situation complete 			Incomplete
or incomplete?
What are the main verbs?				have, wear, play
Are they stative or dynamic (actions)?		have is stative; the other two are active
Which are present perfect simple 
and which are present perfect continuous?		the last one is present perfect continuous
Look at the game board and add some more examples that follow this usage.

something you been wanting to do since you were a child

Present perfect simple or continuous?	

Key ideas:  repetition, duration, completion, stative and action verbs	

She's had that watch since she was 17.
She's been having that watch since she was 17.
Reason: 'have' is a stative verb

He's painted five portraits today.
He's been painting five portraits today.
Reason: the action is complete

She's never flown in a plane.
She's never been flying in a plane.
Reason: the concept is completion: she has not flown in a plane on complete complete occasion

She's cut her finger.
She's been cutting her finger.
Reason: the action is complete

I've been studying English since I was 11.
I've studied English since I was 11.
Reason: the action is incomplete and has continued for a long time (duration)

I've been reading the course text book.
I've read the course text book.
Reason: The action is most likely incomplete (the course text book is quite long)

I've lost my keys.
I've been losing my keys.
Reason: the action is complete

Gilbert has been going out with Doris for six months.
Gilbert has gone out with Doris for six months.
Reason: the action is incomplete and repeated

I've disliked all kinds of seafood since I was a small child.
I've been disliking all kinds of seafood since I was a small child.
Reason: the verb 'dislike' is a stative verb

She's been making cakes all morning.
She's made cakes all morning.
Reason: the action is incomplete and has continued for a long time (duration)